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Details of Dinosaur Tail Revealed Using Spectral CT Technology
By MedImaging International staff writers Posted on 03 Nov 2016
Image: The researchers scanning the fossilized tail of a T. rex Trix dinosaur (Photo courtesy of Royal Philips).
Paleontologists have made use of color spectral Computed Tomography (CT) images to obtain highly detailed images of the fossilized tail of a 66 million year old Tyrannosaurus Rex dinosaur.
The scan of the tail vertebrae of the T. Rex Trix were scanned to compare spectral CT and conventional CT images, and to provide highly detailed images for the paleontologists.
The dinosaur skeleton was unearthed in Montana USA in 2013, and transported to the Naturalis museum in the Netherlands. The four tail vertebrae (C20 to C23) were scanned in color using the Royal Philips (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) IQon Spectral CT scanner in Best, the Netherlands. The Spectral IQon scanner has a unique dual-layer detector, and uses advanced algorithms for spectral reconstruction to provide detailed images of hard-to-scan objects.
Anne Schulp, dinosaur expert and paleontologist at the Naturalis museum, said, “We have already looked at some of the bones using a regular medical CT scanner, but we had a little problem. There is a deposit of pyrite – an iron rich mineral that blurs the complete picture because it absorbs the X-rays. So basically we required a different technology. The IQon filters out all the ‘noise’, as it were, thereby providing a really good insight into the bone structure and how it is built up. It's basically making the step from black and white movies to color. In this way, we are able to add depth to Trix’s medical records: we make the invisible visible. It's just really hard to describe the sensation of finding something, seeing something that no one else has ever seen.”
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(41.961669921875): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 190
(38.862228393555): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 191
(75.101852416992): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE cat=10
AND id=294766666
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND published='1'
LIMIT 192
(45.061111450195): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294766666 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 193
(46.968460083008): SELECT id,name,title
FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND TYPE='file_folder' AND published=1
AND id != 294743300
AND id != 294743301
AND id != 294743302
AND id != 294743303
AND id != 294743304
AND id != 294743305
AND id != 294743306
AND id != 294743307
AND id != 294743308
AND id != 294743309
AND id != 294743310
AND metakey != 'aacc'
ORDER BY `ordering`94
(70.095062255859): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 195
(41.007995605469): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 196
(40.054321289062): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 197
(39.100646972656): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 198
(55.074691772461): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 199
(38.14697265625): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1100
(38.14697265625): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1101
(33.855438232422): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1102
(47.922134399414): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1103
(38.14697265625): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1104
(28.848648071289): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1105
(29.087066650391): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1106
(27.179718017578): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1107
(28.133392333984): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1108
(69.141387939453): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1109
(43.869018554688): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1110
(51.975250244141): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.cat=10
AND dp.id=294766666
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1111
(42.915344238281): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets_archive as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.cat=10
AND dp.id=294766666
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1112
(70.095062255859): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1113
(43.869018554688): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1114
(49.114227294922): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.id=294766666
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1115
(409.12628173828): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets_archive as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.id=294766666
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1116
(863.07525634766): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex
ON ex.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2
ON dp2.id = dp.fid
WHERE dp.author != 0
AND dp.cat = 10
AND dp.published = 1
AND (
(dp.fid = 294743300)
OR (dp.fid = 294743301)
OR (dp.fid = 294743302)
OR (dp.fid = 294743303)
OR (dp.fid = 294743304)
OR (dp.fid = 294743305)
OR (dp.fid = 294743306)
OR (dp.fid = 294743307)
OR (dp.fid = 294743308)
OR (dp.fid = 294743309)
OR (dp.fid = 294743310)
)
ORDER BY RAND()
LIMIT 1117
(478.02925109863): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex
ON ex.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2
ON dp2.id = dp.fid
WHERE dp.author != 0
AND dp.cat = 10
AND dp.published = 1
AND (
(dp.fid = 294743300)
OR (dp.fid = 294743301)
OR (dp.fid = 294743302)
OR (dp.fid = 294743303)
OR (dp.fid = 294743304)
OR (dp.fid = 294743305)
OR (dp.fid = 294743306)
OR (dp.fid = 294743307)
OR (dp.fid = 294743308)
OR (dp.fid = 294743309)
OR (dp.fid = 294743310)
)
ORDER BY RAND()
LIMIT 1118
(113.01040649414): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1119
(83.208084106445): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1120
(97.036361694336): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1121
(62.942504882812): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1122
(86.069107055664): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1123
(61.03515625): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1124
(82.969665527344): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1125
(57.93571472168): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1126
(388.86070251465): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294766666 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294766666 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1127
(!!!!! 494495.86868286): (
SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.video != ''
AND
dp.video_source != ''
AND
dp.cat = 10
AND
dp.published = 1
AND
dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
UNION
(
SELECT
dpa.id,
dpa.name,
dpa.title,
dpa.video,
dpa.video_source,
dpa.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa
WHERE
dpa.video != ''
AND
dpa.video_source != ''
AND
dpa.cat = 10
AND
dpa.published = 1
AND
dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3128
(100.13580322266): (
SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.video != ''
AND
dp.video_source != ''
AND
dp.cat = 10
AND
dp.published = 1
AND
dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
UNION
(
SELECT
dpa.id,
dpa.name,
dpa.title,
dpa.video,
dpa.video_source,
dpa.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa
WHERE
dpa.video != ''
AND
dpa.video_source != ''
AND
dpa.cat = 10
AND
dpa.published = 1
AND
dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3129
(97.036361694336): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800513
LIMIT 1130
(43.869018554688): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800513
LIMIT 1131
(42.915344238281): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800359
LIMIT 1132
(29.087066650391): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800359
LIMIT 1133
(29.087066650391): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800361
LIMIT 1134
(40.054321289062): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800361
LIMIT 1135
(469.92301940918): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294766666
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND published='1'
LIMIT 1136
(374.07875061035): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets_archive
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294766666
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND published='1'
LIMIT 1137
(168.0850982666): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=211138
(37.908554077148): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=211139
(704.05006408691): SELECT *,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down
FROM jos_events
WHERE state=1
AND publish_up > NOW()
and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))211((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110)
ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3140
(617.98095703125): SELECT *,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down
FROM jos_events
WHERE state=1
AND publish_up > NOW()
and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))211((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110)
ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3141
(91.075897216797): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1142
(65.088272094727): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1143
(308.99047851562): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294766666
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1144
(91.075897216797): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294766666
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1145
(87.02278137207): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1146
(60.081481933594): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1147
(!!!!! 1427.8888702393): SELECT jos_item.*
FROM jos_item INNER JOIN jos_number ON jos_item.numberID=jos_number.id
WHERE 1=1
AND (jos_item.imgMini<>'')
AND jos_item.type='L'
AND jos_item.numberID= (
SELECT jos_number.id
FROM jos_number
WHERE jos_number.journalID IN (10)
and jos_number.id in (select distinct jos_number.id from jos_number join jos_item on jos_item.numberid=jos_number.id where jos_item.type='P')
ORDER BY (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,1,2),SIGNED) + (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,3,2),SIGNED)*100)) DESC
LIMIT 0,1
)
ORDER BY RAND() DESC LIMIT 6148
(72.956085205078): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1149
(52.928924560547): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1150
(46.014785766602): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294766666 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294766666 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1151
(38.14697265625): select distinct links.*
from jos_textlinks links
join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id
where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=211 or channel_id is null)152
(33.855438232422): select distinct links.*
from jos_textlinks links
join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id
where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=211 or channel_id is null)153
(36.954879760742): SELECT livesite FROM jos_dp_categories WHERE id=10 AND published='1' LIMIT 1154
(161.17095947266): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1155
(65.088272094727): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294766666 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1156
(66.041946411133): select jos_twitters.link from jos_twitters where cat=10157
(40.054321289062): select jos_facebook.link from jos_facebook where cat=10158
(36.001205444336): select jos_google_plus.link from jos_google_plus where cat=10159
(41.007995605469): select jos_linkedin.link from jos_linkedin where cat=10160
(395.05958557129): update jos_bannersmanager_banner
set impmade=impmade+1
where id in(14615,14202,14203)161
(!!!!! 1676.082611084): insert into jos_banners_delta values (14615,'2025-05-12 10:39:41','3.14.83.200','view'),(14202,'2025-05-12 10:39:41','3.14.83.200','view'),(14203,'2025-05-12 10:39:41','3.14.83.200','view')
Expo
.jpg "Image: CT coronary angiography for diagnosing coronary artery disease offers advantages over other diagnostic tests (Photo courtesy of 123RF)")
.jpg "Image: Exemplary illustration of the labeling and segmentation process (Photo courtesy of TUM)")
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