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Wearable Ultrasound Device Provides Long-Term, Wireless Muscle Monitoring

By MedImaging International staff writers
Posted on 01 Nov 2024
Image: Wearable ultrasound device offers continuous, long-term monitoring of muscle activity (Photo courtesy of Muyang Lin/UC San Diego)
Image: Wearable ultrasound device offers continuous, long-term monitoring of muscle activity (Photo courtesy of Muyang Lin/UC San Diego)

Electromyography (EMG) is the current clinical standard for monitoring muscle activity, utilizing metal electrodes placed on the skin to capture electrical signals from muscles. Despite its long-standing use, EMG faces challenges such as low resolution and weak signals. For instance, signals from multiple muscle fibers often blend, complicating the isolation of contributions from individual fibers. On the other hand, ultrasound offers high-resolution imaging that penetrates deep tissues, providing detailed insights into muscle function. Now, researchers have introduced a new wearable ultrasound technology for muscle monitoring that could serve as a promising alternative to EMG.

Engineers at the University of California San Diego (La Jolla, CA, USA) have created a wearable ultrasound device capable of long-term, wireless monitoring of muscle activity, with potential applications in healthcare and human-machine interfaces. The device is encased in flexible silicone elastomer and includes three main components: a single transducer for sending and receiving ultrasound waves, a custom-designed wireless circuit that controls the transducer, records data, and transmits it to a computer, and a lithium-polymer battery that provides power for at least three hours. Designed to adhere to the skin with an adhesive layer, the device allows for high-resolution tracking of muscle function without the need for invasive procedures. Additionally, the ultrasound technology is compact, wireless, and energy-efficient.

A significant innovation of this work is the utilization of a single ultrasound transducer to effectively sense deep tissues. This transducer emits intensity-controlled ultrasound waves and captures radiofrequency signals rich in information, enabling clinical applications such as measuring diaphragm thickness. By leveraging these signals, the device achieves high spatial resolution, which is essential for isolating specific muscle movements. To gain further insights from these signals, the researchers developed an artificial intelligence algorithm that maps the signals to their corresponding muscle distributions, allowing it to accurately identify specific hand gestures from the collected data.

In tests, the device was worn over the rib cage to monitor diaphragm motion and thickness, critical metrics for evaluating respiratory health. When worn on the rib cage, the device was able to measure diaphragm thickness with submillimeter precision. This measurement is clinically significant for assessing diaphragm dysfunction and predicting outcomes in ventilated patients. Additionally, by analyzing muscle motion, the researchers could differentiate between various breathing patterns, such as shallow versus deep breaths, which could aid in diagnosing conditions related to respiratory irregularities, including asthma, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a small trial, the device successfully distinguished the breathing patterns of individuals with COPD from those of healthy participants.

Furthermore, in research published in Nature Electronics, the team demonstrated the device's application on the forearm to capture hand and wrist muscle activity, enabling its use as a human-machine interface for controlling a robotic arm and playing a virtual game. When used on the forearm, the device precisely tracked muscle motion in the hands and wrists. Thanks to the artificial intelligence algorithm, the system can recognize various hand gestures based solely on ultrasound signals. It can identify 13 degrees of freedom, covering 10 finger joints and three wrist rotation angles, thus capturing even minor movements with high sensitivity. In proof-of-concept tests, participants controlled a robotic arm to pipette water into beakers and played a virtual game, steering a virtual bird through obstacles using wrist movements. Going forward, the researchers aim to enhance the technology’s accuracy, portability, energy efficiency, and computational capabilities.

 

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98 (735.99815368652): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex ON ex.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2 ON dp2.id = dp.fid WHERE dp.author != 0 AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND ( (dp.fid = 294743300) OR (dp.fid = 294743301) OR (dp.fid = 294743302) OR (dp.fid = 294743303) OR (dp.fid = 294743304) OR (dp.fid = 294743305) OR (dp.fid = 294743306) OR (dp.fid = 294743307) OR (dp.fid = 294743308) OR (dp.fid = 294743309) OR (dp.fid = 294743310) ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1
99 (524.04403686523): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex ON ex.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2 ON dp2.id = dp.fid WHERE dp.author != 0 AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND ( (dp.fid = 294743300) OR (dp.fid = 294743301) OR (dp.fid = 294743302) OR (dp.fid = 294743303) OR (dp.fid = 294743304) OR (dp.fid = 294743305) OR (dp.fid = 294743306) OR (dp.fid = 294743307) OR (dp.fid = 294743308) OR (dp.fid = 294743309) OR (dp.fid = 294743310) ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1
100 (161.88621520996): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
101 (67.949295043945): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
102 (183.10546875): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
103 (71.048736572266): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
104 (88.930130004883): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
105 (43.869018554688): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
106 (75.101852416992): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
107 (37.908554077148): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
108 (280.14183044434): SELECT * FROM trending_articles WHERE `journal_id` = 10 AND `timestamp` <= NOW() + INTERVAL 7 DAY ORDER BY `order`
109 (!!!!! 18914.937973022): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE jos_deeppockets.cat = 10 AND jos_deeppockets.type = 'deeppockets_item' AND jos_deeppockets.published = 1 AND jos_deeppockets.created + INTERVAL 14 DAY >= NOW() ORDER BY jos_deeppockets.hits DESC LIMIT 7
110 (540.01808166504): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294802958 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294802958 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1
111 (!!!!! 6974.9355316162): ( SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.video != '' AND dp.video_source != '' AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) UNION ( SELECT dpa.id, dpa.name, dpa.title, dpa.video, dpa.video_source, dpa.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa WHERE dpa.video != '' AND dpa.video_source != '' AND dpa.cat = 10 AND dpa.published = 1 AND dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3
112 (95.844268798828): ( SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.video != '' AND dp.video_source != '' AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) UNION ( SELECT dpa.id, dpa.name, dpa.title, dpa.video, dpa.video_source, dpa.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa WHERE dpa.video != '' AND dpa.video_source != '' AND dpa.cat = 10 AND dpa.published = 1 AND dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3
113 (284.91020202637): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803337 LIMIT 1
114 (59.843063354492): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803337 LIMIT 1
115 (191.21170043945): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
116 (50.067901611328): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
117 (29.087066650391): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
118 (28.133392333984): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
119 (185.96649169922): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294802958 LIMIT 1
120 (42.915344238281): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294802958 LIMIT 1
121 (255.10787963867): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
122 (136.8522644043): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=214
123 (36.001205444336): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=214
124 (516.89147949219): SELECT *, DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up, DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down FROM jos_events WHERE state=1 AND publish_up > NOW() and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))214((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110) ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3
125 (550.98533630371): SELECT *, DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up, DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down FROM jos_events WHERE state=1 AND publish_up > NOW() and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))214((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110) ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3
126 (63.896179199219): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
127 (42.200088500977): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
128 (!!!!! 8651.0181427002): TRUNCATE TABLE jos_trademed_module
129 (81.062316894531): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294802958 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
130 (867.12837219238): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
131 (51.975250244141): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
132 (56.982040405273): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
133 (39.100646972656): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
134 (!!!!! 1056.9095611572): SELECT jos_item.* FROM jos_item INNER JOIN jos_number ON jos_item.numberID=jos_number.id WHERE 1=1 AND (jos_item.imgMini<>'') AND jos_item.type='L' AND jos_item.numberID= ( SELECT jos_number.id FROM jos_number WHERE jos_number.journalID IN (10) and jos_number.id in (select distinct jos_number.id from jos_number join jos_item on jos_item.numberid=jos_number.id where jos_item.type='P') ORDER BY (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,1,2),SIGNED) + (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,3,2),SIGNED)*100)) DESC LIMIT 0,1 ) ORDER BY RAND() DESC LIMIT 6
135 (58.889389038086): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
136 (41.961669921875): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
137 (64.849853515625): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294802958 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294802958 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1
138 (30.040740966797): select distinct links.* from jos_textlinks links join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=214 or channel_id is null)
139 (26.941299438477): select distinct links.* from jos_textlinks links join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=214 or channel_id is null)
140 (28.848648071289): SELECT livesite FROM jos_dp_categories WHERE id=10 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
141 (117.06352233887): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
142 (44.107437133789): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294802958 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
143 (113.01040649414): select jos_twitters.link from jos_twitters where cat=10
144 (28.848648071289): select jos_facebook.link from jos_facebook where cat=10
145 (26.941299438477): select jos_google_plus.link from jos_google_plus where cat=10
146 (27.894973754883): select jos_linkedin.link from jos_linkedin where cat=10
147 (250.81634521484): update jos_bannersmanager_banner set impmade=impmade+1 where id in(14202,14203)
148 (950.09803771973): insert into jos_banners_delta values (14202,'2025-06-21 01:51:51','216.73.216.120','view'),(14203,'2025-06-21 01:51:51','216.73.216.120','view')