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CT Technology Offers 50% Lower Dose for Highly Sensitive Patient Groups

By MedImaging International staff writers
Posted on 26 Nov 2013
Image: The Somatom Force computed tomography (CT) system (Photo courtesy of Siemens Healthcare).
Image: The Somatom Force computed tomography (CT) system (Photo courtesy of Siemens Healthcare).
A new computed tomography (CT) system offers early detection exams and functional diagnoses with up to 50% lower radiation dose, which can help make treatment decisions easier. The technology also minimizes artifacts in cardiac and thoracic examinations.

Siemens Healthcare (Erlangen, Germany) had its first public presentation worldwide November 2013 at the University Medical Center Mannheim (Heidelberg, Germany). In its first few weeks of clinical use at Mannheim’s Institute for Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the third-generation of dual- source CT scanners (each with two radiation tubes and detectors) enabled considerably more rapid and more precise diagnoses at reduced doses.

In addition, the high-end CT now offers customized diagnoses for challenging patients, e.g., for very young patients or renal insufficiency patients, the very ill, and obese patients. “In a general population with a very complex age and disease structure, this new CT scanner can solve the problems presented by every radiological situation for virtually every patient,” said institute director Prof. Stefan Schönberg.

Patients suffering from renal insufficiency will benefit from the substantial reduction in contrast medium. Early detection examinations and functional four-dimensional (4D) imaging can be conducted using up to 50% lower radiation dose. This means that this procedure can now be used on a routine basis and physicians can make faster and more well founded decisions as to which tumor therapy to use for the individual in question.

“Somatom Force negates many aspects of computed tomography that up to now have limited its application. For example, the administration of contrast medium that proves problematic for many patients can be greatly lowered,” said Walter Märzendorfer, CEO of CT and radiation oncology at Siemens Healthcare.

Up to 20% of patients suffer from renal insufficiency. Contrast medium containing iodine can place extra burden on the kidneys of older patients and especially those with chronic illnesses. Initial examinations in Mannheim revealed that the average quantity of contrast medium administered in thoracic examinations could be lowered from between 90–110 mL to between 25–35 mL. This is made possible by the two Vectron X-ray tubes in Somatom Force, which enable routine examinations at very low tube voltages of 70–100 kilovolts.

As the contrast-to-noise ratio rises, the amount of contrast medium can be lowered accordingly. The CT system can also deliver considerable added benefits in treatment control. 4D imaging, which shows the function of organs and vessels next to their morphology, is particularly important here because it allows additional information to be gathered about primary tumors and metastases. A disadvantage of this dynamic perfusion was that, up to now, high dose values of more than 50 millisievert (mSv) in specific cases were required, e.g., for liver imaging. This dose can now be more than halved with the Somatom Force system. In one of the Mannheim cases, just 14.7 mSv was required.

Such values enable the procedure to be used on a regular basis, thereby enabling faster and more careful decisions to be made about which treatment is most suitable for an individual patient. In the case of novel but also very expensive antiangiogenesis therapies, which suppress blood vessel formation in the tumor through the administration of medication, Somatom Force can be used to determine specifically at a much earlier stage whether the treatment is working. It can also help to ensure that medication costing several thousand euros per month is deployed more efficiently and so to reduce the overall cost of the treatment.

Typically, long-term CT monitoring is used to identify the correct time to potentially switch treatments. The significantly reduced the cumulated radiation dose with this technology is a great advantage. “This CT system means that medical imaging is no longer restricted to traditional diagnostics,” explained Prof. Schönberg. “As radiologists, we can now work toward the ultimate goal of all medical intervention: The patient’s recovery.”

Early cancer detection at up to 50% lower dose The US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) screening study conducted in the United States has encouraged a shift of priorities in cancer prevention: The study showed that mortality rates can be reduced by 20% if early lung cancer detection is performed with low-dose CT instead of traditional chest X-rays. Somatom Force is particularly suitable for such early detection examinations due to its previously unattained low dose values. Up to 50% lower than that of earlier high-end CT models, this radiation dose can be attributed to the Turbo Flash mode of Somatom Force and the use of two special spectral filters—selective photon shields, which optimize the X-ray spectrum and thus significantly improve the air/soft-tissue contrast.

Examinations performed at the University Medical Centre Mannheim revealed that dose values of 0.1 mSv for a lung scan could be achieved with the CT system, even in routine clinical situations. “With Somatom Force, there are almost no more contraindications for computed tomography,” said PD Dr. Thomas Henzler, head of cardiothoracic imaging at the University Medical Centre Mannheim.

Another advantage in pulmonary diagnostics is the enlarged field of view (50 cm) of the Turbo Flash Mode on Somatom Force, which covers the entire organ. This extremely quick scan mode with an acquisition rate of nearly 400 mm per second allows the entire thorax to be visualized in approximately one second.

Due to an extremely fast acquisition rate (737 mm/s), if a larger body region is to be scanned, the entire thoracic-abdominal exams can even be performed in just one second. This means that patients may not need to hold their breath. With the Somatom Force, even high heart rates do not lead to disruptive motion artifacts in clinical images, a fact indicated by images taken of a female patient with 90 heartbeats per minute and no medicinal measures to lower her heart rate.

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74 (30.994415283203): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
75 (29.087066650391): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
76 (28.848648071289): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
77 (28.133392333984): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
78 (28.133392333984): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
79 (27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
80 (28.848648071289): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
81 (28.133392333984): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
82 (27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
83 (28.848648071289): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
84 (29.087066650391): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
85 (27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
86 (30.040740966797): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
87 (46.014785766602): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294749352 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
88 (30.040740966797): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294749352 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
89 (32.901763916016): SELECT id,name,title FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND TYPE='file_folder' AND published=1 AND id != 294743300 AND id != 294743301 AND id != 294743302 AND id != 294743303 AND id != 294743304 AND id != 294743305 AND id != 294743306 AND id != 294743307 AND id != 294743308 AND id != 294743309 AND id != 294743310 AND metakey != 'aacc' ORDER BY `ordering`
90 (51.975250244141): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
91 (32.901763916016): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
92 (71.048736572266): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
93 (52.928924560547): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
94 (33.855438232422): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
95 (29.087066650391): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
96 (28.848648071289): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
97 (41.007995605469): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
98 (27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
99 (27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
100 (27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
101 (27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
102 (28.133392333984): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
103 (28.133392333984): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
104 (77.962875366211): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
105 (45.061111450195): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
106 (467.06199645996): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294749352 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
107 (461.81678771973): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets_archive as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294749352 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
108 (!!!!! 1931.90574646): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
109 (78.916549682617): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
110 (406.98051452637): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.id=294749352 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
111 (452.99530029297): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets_archive as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.id=294749352 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
112 (636.10076904297): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex ON ex.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2 ON dp2.id = dp.fid WHERE dp.author != 0 AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND ( (dp.fid = 294743300) OR (dp.fid = 294743301) OR (dp.fid = 294743302) OR (dp.fid = 294743303) OR (dp.fid = 294743304) OR (dp.fid = 294743305) OR (dp.fid = 294743306) OR (dp.fid = 294743307) OR (dp.fid = 294743308) OR (dp.fid = 294743309) OR (dp.fid = 294743310) ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1
113 (546.93222045898): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex ON ex.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2 ON dp2.id = dp.fid WHERE dp.author != 0 AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND ( (dp.fid = 294743300) OR (dp.fid = 294743301) OR (dp.fid = 294743302) OR (dp.fid = 294743303) OR (dp.fid = 294743304) OR (dp.fid = 294743305) OR (dp.fid = 294743306) OR (dp.fid = 294743307) OR (dp.fid = 294743308) OR (dp.fid = 294743309) OR (dp.fid = 294743310) ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1
114 (105.14259338379): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
115 (51.021575927734): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
116 (51.975250244141): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
117 (43.869018554688): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
118 (52.928924560547): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
119 (41.007995605469): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
120 (47.922134399414): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
121 (40.054321289062): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
122 (451.80320739746): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294749352 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294749352 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1
123 (!!!!! 12521.028518677): ( SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.video != '' AND dp.video_source != '' AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) UNION ( SELECT dpa.id, dpa.name, dpa.title, dpa.video, dpa.video_source, dpa.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa WHERE dpa.video != '' AND dpa.video_source != '' AND dpa.cat = 10 AND dpa.published = 1 AND dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3
124 (!!!!! 2587.0800018311): ( SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.video != '' AND dp.video_source != '' AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) UNION ( SELECT dpa.id, dpa.name, dpa.title, dpa.video, dpa.video_source, dpa.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa WHERE dpa.video != '' AND dpa.video_source != '' AND dpa.cat = 10 AND dpa.published = 1 AND dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3
125 (272.03559875488): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803337 LIMIT 1
126 (39.100646972656): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803337 LIMIT 1
127 (278.94973754883): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
128 (39.100646972656): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
129 (129.93812561035): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
130 (35.04753112793): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
131 (169.03877258301): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294802958 LIMIT 1
132 (51.975250244141): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294802958 LIMIT 1
133 (261.06834411621): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
134 (!!!!! 1379.0130615234): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
135 (179.05235290527): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=211
136 (34.809112548828): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=211
137 (622.03407287598): SELECT *, DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up, DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down FROM jos_events WHERE state=1 AND publish_up > NOW() and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))211((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110) ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3
138 (438.92860412598): SELECT *, DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up, DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down FROM jos_events WHERE state=1 AND publish_up > NOW() and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))211((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110) ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3
139 (71.048736572266): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
140 (47.922134399414): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
141 (239.13383483887): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
142 (47.922134399414): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
143 (!!!!! 1374.0062713623): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
144 (68.902969360352): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
145 (!!!!! 1220.9415435791): SELECT jos_item.* FROM jos_item INNER JOIN jos_number ON jos_item.numberID=jos_number.id WHERE 1=1 AND (jos_item.imgMini<>'') AND jos_item.type='L' AND jos_item.numberID= ( SELECT jos_number.id FROM jos_number WHERE jos_number.journalID IN (10) and jos_number.id in (select distinct jos_number.id from jos_number join jos_item on jos_item.numberid=jos_number.id where jos_item.type='P') ORDER BY (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,1,2),SIGNED) + (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,3,2),SIGNED)*100)) DESC LIMIT 0,1 ) ORDER BY RAND() DESC LIMIT 6
146 (63.896179199219): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
147 (48.87580871582): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
148 (!!!!! 1456.9759368896): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294749352 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294749352 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1
149 (58.889389038086): select distinct links.* from jos_textlinks links join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=211 or channel_id is null)
150 (33.140182495117): select distinct links.* from jos_textlinks links join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=211 or channel_id is null)
151 (41.961669921875): SELECT livesite FROM jos_dp_categories WHERE id=10 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
152 (507.11631774902): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
153 (80.108642578125): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294749352 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
154 (51.021575927734): select jos_twitters.link from jos_twitters where cat=10
155 (36.001205444336): select jos_facebook.link from jos_facebook where cat=10
156 (33.140182495117): select jos_google_plus.link from jos_google_plus where cat=10
157 (35.04753112793): select jos_linkedin.link from jos_linkedin where cat=10