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Imaging Technology Under Evaluation for the Diagnosis of Cancerous Breast Tissue

By MedImaging International staff writers
Posted on 16 Aug 2011
A collaboration between research, hospital, and industry is aimed at transferring an innovative diagnostic procedure into routine practice.

The Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI; Villigen PSI, Switzerland) has developed a new breast cancer diagnostic method, and is now carrying out first tests on nonpreserved human tissue in conjunction with the Kantonsspital Baden, AG (Baden, Switzerland). This new technology should be able to reveal structures that cannot be seen using conventional mammography.

Conventional procedures only determine the extent to which X-rays are attenuated by various tissue structures. In contrast to this, the new method also makes use of the fact that X-rays actually consist of waves, and that their properties change slightly as they travel through tissue. These changes are now measurable and can contribute to the creation of a more meaningful image of the object under investigation. Scientists from the research department at Philips Healthcare (Best, The Netherlands) are currently investigating the use of this process as the basis for application in medical practice, and in mammography in particular. The researchers have reported on their findings August 2011 in the online edition of the Investigative Radiology journal.

The goal of any mammography investigation is to detect tumors in the female breast as early as possible, so that treatment can start in good time. A good mammography procedure is therefore expected to recognize as many tissue changes as possible and to differentiate tumor tissue clearly from any other tissue. At the same time, the radiation dose administered during the investigation must be kept as low as possible.

Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute have developed a procedure that should provide these benefits. Working with doctors from the Kantonsspital Baden (KSB), they have now succeeded for the first time in generating images of tissue that originated from breast surgery but had not been preserved. This approach produces an extremely close approximation to the situation in which an actual investigation is carried out on human beings. “For example, we could use this new process to distinguish scars from tumor tissue and identify extremely small cancer nodules, of a size never yet identified by current investigation techniques,” said Dr. Nik Hauser, director of the certified breast center at the Kantonsspital, who led the project on the medical side.

A clinical study is currently underway, and should confirm the benefits of the new method using a larger group of patients. Specifically, physicians who did not take part in the development of the method are required to make an independent assessment of the advantages of the new images in comparison with those obtained from conventional X-rays.

In this new procedure, X-rays pass through the breast in exactly the same way as in traditional mammography. However, a normal X-ray image can only determine how much of the beam has been retained by the tissue--basically, an X-ray image just shows the shadow cast by the object under investigation. However, X-rays also undergo another subtle change as they travel through an object. Physically, X-rays are electromagnetic waves and, as they pass through various tissue structures, the direction of the waves undergoes slight changes--a similar effect to that shown by water waves hitting a pier in a harbor.

“We at the Paul Scherrer Institute have spent years developing methods for investigating these changes and interpreting the information they contain, so that we can create the basis for new investigative methods to be used in medical and materials research,” explained Marco Stampanoni, a professor at the Institute for Biomedical Engineering at the University and ETH Zurich (Switzerland) and director of this project at PSI. One particular feature of the phase-contrast method used in this process is the three extremely fine gratings through which the X-rays have to pass--one in front of the object under investigation and the other two located behind it. The various components of the light waves interact with each other here in such a way as to provide the required information. The X-rays are generated in a tube that is essentially the same as an X-ray tube used in typical, everyday clinical practice.

The long-term goal of this project is to develop an innovative piece of equipment that can be used for regular routine breast examinations in clinical practice, and deliver improved images of breast tissue--at a considerably lower cost than techniques such as computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Philips Healthcare has been brought into the project as an experienced partner in the field of healthcare. “The potential of this method is defined on the one hand by the innovative nature of the measured information, but on the other hand is also characterized by the use of conventional technologies that are widely applied in medical technology to generate and detect X-rays. Our declared goal is to use the example of mammography on human beings to conclusively demonstrate the clinical benefits,” explained Ewald Rössl, project manager for this research work at Philips.

This study used tissue obtained from individuals who had just undergone surgery.

Related Links:

Paul Scherrer Institute
Kantonsspital Baden
Philips Healthcare


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80 (508.06999206543): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
81 (!!!!! 4777.9083251953): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
82 (592.94700622559): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
83 (501.15585327148): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
84 (204.80155944824): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
85 (900.9838104248): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
86 (357.15103149414): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
87 (860.92948913574): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294736605 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
88 (234.84230041504): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294736605 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
89 (348.09112548828): SELECT id,name,title FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND TYPE='file_folder' AND published=1 AND id != 294743300 AND id != 294743301 AND id != 294743302 AND id != 294743303 AND id != 294743304 AND id != 294743305 AND id != 294743306 AND id != 294743307 AND id != 294743308 AND id != 294743309 AND id != 294743310 AND metakey != 'aacc' ORDER BY `ordering`
90 (!!!!! 3119.945526123): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
91 (!!!!! 1436.9487762451): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
92 (405.07316589355): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
93 (55.789947509766): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
94 (55.074691772461): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
95 (43.153762817383): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
96 (!!!!! 1456.9759368896): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
97 (!!!!! 2322.9122161865): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
98 (!!!!! 1085.0429534912): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
99 (679.01611328125): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
100 (376.93977355957): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
101 (447.03483581543): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
102 (313.99726867676): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
103 (412.94097900391): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1
104 (!!!!! 4750.9670257568): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
105 (478.98292541504): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
106 (!!!!! 6665.9450531006): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294736605 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
107 (642.06123352051): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets_archive as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294736605 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
108 (!!!!! 5368.9479827881): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
109 (943.89915466309): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
110 (!!!!! 5253.0765533447): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.id=294736605 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
111 (!!!!! 1607.8948974609): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets_archive as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.id=294736605 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
112 (!!!!! 4570.0073242188): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex ON ex.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2 ON dp2.id = dp.fid WHERE dp.author != 0 AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND ( (dp.fid = 294743300) OR (dp.fid = 294743301) OR (dp.fid = 294743302) OR (dp.fid = 294743303) OR (dp.fid = 294743304) OR (dp.fid = 294743305) OR (dp.fid = 294743306) OR (dp.fid = 294743307) OR (dp.fid = 294743308) OR (dp.fid = 294743309) OR (dp.fid = 294743310) ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1
113 (!!!!! 3073.9307403564): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex ON ex.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2 ON dp2.id = dp.fid WHERE dp.author != 0 AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND ( (dp.fid = 294743300) OR (dp.fid = 294743301) OR (dp.fid = 294743302) OR (dp.fid = 294743303) OR (dp.fid = 294743304) OR (dp.fid = 294743305) OR (dp.fid = 294743306) OR (dp.fid = 294743307) OR (dp.fid = 294743308) OR (dp.fid = 294743309) OR (dp.fid = 294743310) ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1
114 (!!!!! 9453.0582427979): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
115 (!!!!! 1070.0225830078): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
116 (!!!!! 7515.9072875977): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
117 (!!!!! 7852.0774841309): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
118 (!!!!! 2048.0155944824): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
119 (509.97734069824): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
120 (!!!!! 1858.9496612549): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
121 (408.88786315918): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
122 (!!!!! 1469.1352844238): SELECT * FROM trending_articles WHERE `journal_id` = 10 AND `timestamp` <= NOW() + INTERVAL 7 DAY ORDER BY `order`
123 (!!!!! 96264.123916626): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE jos_deeppockets.cat = 10 AND jos_deeppockets.type = 'deeppockets_item' AND jos_deeppockets.published = 1 AND jos_deeppockets.created + INTERVAL 14 DAY >= NOW() ORDER BY jos_deeppockets.hits DESC LIMIT 7
124 (!!!!! 2200.1266479492): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294736605 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294736605 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1
125 (71.048736572266): ( SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.video != '' AND dp.video_source != '' AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) UNION ( SELECT dpa.id, dpa.name, dpa.title, dpa.video, dpa.video_source, dpa.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa WHERE dpa.video != '' AND dpa.video_source != '' AND dpa.cat = 10 AND dpa.published = 1 AND dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3
126 (52.928924560547): ( SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.video != '' AND dp.video_source != '' AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) UNION ( SELECT dpa.id, dpa.name, dpa.title, dpa.video, dpa.video_source, dpa.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa WHERE dpa.video != '' AND dpa.video_source != '' AND dpa.cat = 10 AND dpa.published = 1 AND dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3
127 (774.86038208008): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803337 LIMIT 1
128 (69.856643676758): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803337 LIMIT 1
129 (734.80606079102): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
130 (699.99694824219): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
131 (56.982040405273): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
132 (50.067901611328): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1
133 (436.06758117676): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294802958 LIMIT 1
134 (458.0020904541): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294802958 LIMIT 1
135 (669.00253295898): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
136 (541.92543029785): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
137 (752.92587280273): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=211
138 (55.074691772461): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=211
139 (821.82884216309): SELECT *, DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up, DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down FROM jos_events WHERE state=1 AND publish_up > NOW() and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))211((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110) ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3
140 (753.87954711914): SELECT *, DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up, DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down FROM jos_events WHERE state=1 AND publish_up > NOW() and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))211((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110) ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3
141 (!!!!! 2200.1266479492): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
142 (242.94853210449): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
143 (!!!!! 11003.971099854): TRUNCATE TABLE jos_trademed_module
144 (!!!!! 2605.9150695801): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294736605 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
145 (907.89794921875): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets_archive as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294736605 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1
146 (!!!!! 3281.831741333): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
147 (617.98095703125): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1
148 (77.962875366211): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
149 (148.05793762207): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
150 (!!!!! 2123.1174468994): SELECT jos_item.* FROM jos_item INNER JOIN jos_number ON jos_item.numberID=jos_number.id WHERE 1=1 AND (jos_item.imgMini<>'') AND jos_item.type='L' AND jos_item.numberID= ( SELECT jos_number.id FROM jos_number WHERE jos_number.journalID IN (10) and jos_number.id in (select distinct jos_number.id from jos_number join jos_item on jos_item.numberid=jos_number.id where jos_item.type='P') ORDER BY (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,1,2),SIGNED) + (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,3,2),SIGNED)*100)) DESC LIMIT 0,1 ) ORDER BY RAND() DESC LIMIT 6
151 (452.04162597656): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
152 (267.02880859375): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
153 (45.061111450195): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294736605 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294736605 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1
154 (34.093856811523): select distinct links.* from jos_textlinks links join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=211 or channel_id is null)
155 (29.802322387695): select distinct links.* from jos_textlinks links join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=211 or channel_id is null)
156 (988.00659179688): SELECT livesite FROM jos_dp_categories WHERE id=10 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
157 (778.9134979248): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
158 (141.14379882812): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294736605 AND published='1' LIMIT 1
159 (960.11161804199): select jos_twitters.link from jos_twitters where cat=10
160 (85.115432739258): select jos_facebook.link from jos_facebook where cat=10
161 (!!!!! 2338.8862609863): select jos_google_plus.link from jos_google_plus where cat=10
162 (123.02398681641): select jos_linkedin.link from jos_linkedin where cat=10