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AI Model Reconstructs Sparse-View 3D CT Scan With Much Lower X-Ray Dose

By MedImaging International staff writers
Posted on 20 Dec 2024

Image: The results of the eight-view 3D CT reconstruction from a public dataset (Photo courtesy of Medical Physics, doi.org/10.1002/mp.12345)

While 3D CT scans provide detailed images of internal structures, the 1,000 to 2,000 X-rays captured from different angles during scanning can increase cancer risk, especially for vulnerable patients. Sparse-view CT scans, which use fewer X-ray projections (as few as 100), significantly reduce radiation exposure but present challenges for accurate image reconstruction. Recently, supervised learning techniques, a form of machine learning that trains algorithms with labeled data, have enhanced the speed and resolution of under-sampled MRI and sparse-view CT image reconstructions. However, labeling large training datasets is both time-consuming and costly. Now, researchers have developed a new framework that works efficiently with 3D images, making the method more applicable to CT and MRI.

This new framework, called DiffusionBlend, was developed by researchers at the University of Michigan Engineering (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). It employs a diffusion model, a self-supervised learning technique that learns a data distribution prior, to enable sparse-view 3D CT reconstruction through posterior sampling. DiffusionBlend learns spatial correlations among nearby 2D image slices, referred to as a 3D-patch diffusion prior, and then blends the scores of these multi-slice patches to create the full 3D CT image volume. When tested on a public dataset of sparse-view 3D CT scans, DiffusionBlend outperformed several baseline methods, including four diffusion approaches at eight, six, and four views, achieving comparable or better computational image quality.

To further enhance its practicality, acceleration methods were applied, reducing DiffusionBlend's CT reconstruction time to one hour, compared to the 24 hours required by previous methods. While deep learning methods can sometimes introduce visual artifacts—AI-generated images of non-existent features—this can be problematic for patient diagnosis. To mitigate this issue, the researchers employed data consistency optimization, specifically using the conjugate gradient method, and evaluated how well the generated images matched the actual measurements using metrics like signal-to-noise ratio.

“We’re still in the early days of this, but there’s a lot of potential here. I think the principles of this method can extend to four dimensions, three spatial dimensions plus time, for applications like imaging the beating heart or stomach contractions,” said Jeff Fessler, the William L. Root Distinguished University Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at U-M and co-corresponding author of the study.

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79 (43.153762817383): SELECT id,name,title FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND TYPE='file_folder' AND published=1 AND id != 294743300 AND id != 294743301 AND id != 294743302 AND id != 294743303 AND id != 294743304 AND id != 294743305 AND id != 294743306 AND id != 294743307 AND id != 294743308 AND id != 294743309 AND id != 294743310 AND metakey != 'aacc' ORDER BY `ordering`

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81 (39.100646972656): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

82 (35.04753112793): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

83 (36.001205444336): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

84 (34.809112548828): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

85 (35.04753112793): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

86 (34.093856811523): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

87 (35.04753112793): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

88 (35.04753112793): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

89 (35.762786865234): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

90 (35.04753112793): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

91 (33.855438232422): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

92 (34.093856811523): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

93 (33.855438232422): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

94 (86.069107055664): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

95 (58.889389038086): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

96 (102.99682617188): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294803483 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1

97 (85.115432739258): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

98 (56.982040405273): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

99 (522.13668823242): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.id=294803483 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1

100 (427.0076751709): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.id=294803481 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1

101 (640.869140625): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex ON ex.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2 ON dp2.id = dp.fid WHERE dp.author != 0 AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND ( (dp.fid = 294743300) OR (dp.fid = 294743301) OR (dp.fid = 294743302) OR (dp.fid = 294743303) OR (dp.fid = 294743304) OR (dp.fid = 294743305) OR (dp.fid = 294743306) OR (dp.fid = 294743307) OR (dp.fid = 294743308) OR (dp.fid = 294743309) OR (dp.fid = 294743310) ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1

102 (380.03921508789): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex ON ex.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2 ON dp2.id = dp.fid WHERE dp.author != 0 AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND ( (dp.fid = 294743300) OR (dp.fid = 294743301) OR (dp.fid = 294743302) OR (dp.fid = 294743303) OR (dp.fid = 294743304) OR (dp.fid = 294743305) OR (dp.fid = 294743306) OR (dp.fid = 294743307) OR (dp.fid = 294743308) OR (dp.fid = 294743309) OR (dp.fid = 294743310) ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1

103 (93.936920166016): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

104 (89.883804321289): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

105 (48.87580871582): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

106 (38.14697265625): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

107 (113.96408081055): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

108 (47.922134399414): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

109 (84.877014160156): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

110 (57.93571472168): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

111 (404.83474731445): SELECT * FROM trending_articles WHERE `journal_id` = 10 AND `timestamp` <= NOW() + INTERVAL 7 DAY ORDER BY `order`

112 (!!!!! 25333.166122437): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE jos_deeppockets.cat = 10 AND jos_deeppockets.type = 'deeppockets_item' AND jos_deeppockets.published = 1 AND jos_deeppockets.created + INTERVAL 14 DAY >= NOW() ORDER BY jos_deeppockets.hits DESC LIMIT 7

113 (683.06922912598): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294803483 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294803483 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1

114 (!!!!! 9950.8762359619): ( SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.video != '' AND dp.video_source != '' AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) UNION ( SELECT dpa.id, dpa.name, dpa.title, dpa.video, dpa.video_source, dpa.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa WHERE dpa.video != '' AND dpa.video_source != '' AND dpa.cat = 10 AND dpa.published = 1 AND dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3

115 (78.916549682617): ( SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.video != '' AND dp.video_source != '' AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) UNION ( SELECT dpa.id, dpa.name, dpa.title, dpa.video, dpa.video_source, dpa.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa WHERE dpa.video != '' AND dpa.video_source != '' AND dpa.cat = 10 AND dpa.published = 1 AND dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3

116 (349.04479980469): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803337 LIMIT 1

117 (48.160552978516): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803337 LIMIT 1

118 (237.94174194336): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1

119 (65.088272094727): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1

120 (31.948089599609): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1

121 (30.040740966797): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294803276 LIMIT 1

122 (271.08192443848): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294802958 LIMIT 1

123 (122.0703125): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294802958 LIMIT 1

124 (349.04479980469): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1

125 (139.95170593262): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=212

126 (47.922134399414): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=212

127 (547.88589477539): SELECT *, DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up, DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down FROM jos_events WHERE state=1 AND publish_up > NOW() and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))212((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110) ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3

128 (496.14906311035): SELECT *, DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up, DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down FROM jos_events WHERE state=1 AND publish_up > NOW() and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))212((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110) ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3

129 (87.02278137207): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

130 (69.141387939453): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

131 (!!!!! 14603.137969971): TRUNCATE TABLE jos_trademed_module

132 (187.15858459473): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294803483 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1

133 (746.9654083252): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1

134 (93.936920166016): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1

135 (62.942504882812): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

136 (49.114227294922): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

137 (!!!!! 1595.0202941895): SELECT jos_item.* FROM jos_item INNER JOIN jos_number ON jos_item.numberID=jos_number.id WHERE 1=1 AND (jos_item.imgMini<>'') AND jos_item.type='L' AND jos_item.numberID= ( SELECT jos_number.id FROM jos_number WHERE jos_number.journalID IN (10) and jos_number.id in (select distinct jos_number.id from jos_number join jos_item on jos_item.numberid=jos_number.id where jos_item.type='P') ORDER BY (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,1,2),SIGNED) + (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,3,2),SIGNED)*100)) DESC LIMIT 0,1 ) ORDER BY RAND() DESC LIMIT 6

138 (82.969665527344): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

139 (96.08268737793): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

140 (164.03198242188): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294803483 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294803483 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1

141 (695.94383239746): select distinct links.* from jos_textlinks links join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=0 or channel_id is null)

142 (66.041946411133): select distinct links.* from jos_textlinks links join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=0 or channel_id is null)

143 (65.088272094727): SELECT livesite FROM jos_dp_categories WHERE id=10 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

144 (97.990036010742): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

145 (56.028366088867): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294803483 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

146 (194.07272338867): select jos_twitters.link from jos_twitters where cat=10

147 (61.03515625): select jos_facebook.link from jos_facebook where cat=10

148 (56.982040405273): select jos_google_plus.link from jos_google_plus where cat=10

149 (57.220458984375): select jos_linkedin.link from jos_linkedin where cat=10

150 (370.02563476562): update jos_bannersmanager_banner set impmade=impmade+1 where id in(14615,14202,14203)

151 (!!!!! 1272.2015380859): insert into jos_banners_delta values (14615,'2025-07-31 12:16:58','216.73.216.8','view'),(14202,'2025-07-31 12:16:58','216.73.216.8','view'),(14203,'2025-07-31 12:16:58','216.73.216.8','view')

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