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MRI Scans Pose Small Risk for Patients with Tattoos
By MedImaging International staff writers Posted on 12 Feb 2019
A new study suggests that tattoo-related adverse reactions from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are possible, but come at low risk.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (MPI-CBS; Leipzig, Germany) and University College London (UCL; United Kingdom) examined 330 people sporting tattoos before and after an MRI scan, for a total of 932 tattoos. Information regarding the tattoos was systematically collected, including size, location, country of origin (with most arising in Europe, but also from America, Asia, Africa and Australia), and what colors were used. The majority of the ink used was black, but various colors were also registered.
The 3T MRI scanners used in the study were used under a set of specific conditions. For example, in order to ensure participants safety, exclusion criteria concerned the size and number of tattoos. A single tattoo was not allowed to exceed 20 centimeters, no more than 5% of the body could be covered by tattoos, and the maximum number of tattoos allowed was seven. Only one mild tattoo-related adverse reaction was observed, which led the researchers to estimate the probability of an adverse reaction at 17% overall, and 30% for repeated sessions. The study was published on January 31, 2019, in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).
“In MR imaging, high-frequency magnetic fields are used to generate the images by effectively labeling protons. High-frequency fields usually have a frequency of a few hundred megahertz. That happens to correspond to the resonance lengths of conductive structures similarly sized as tattoos,” said senior author Nikolaus Weiskopf, PhD, director of the MP-CBS. “In this case, the tattoo may absorb much of the energy of the high-frequency field, which would normally be spread out more widely. It can then happen that the tattoo heats up. In the worst case, this can lead to burns.”
“The most important questions for us were: Can we conduct our studies with tattooed subjects without hesitation? What restrictions may exist?” concluded Dr. Weiskopf. “We found that the majority of the participants did not notice any side effects with tattoos. There was one specific case where the study doctor found that side effects - a tingling sensation on the skin - were related to scanning. However, this unpleasant feeling disappeared within 24 hours without the affected person having required medical treatment.”
Tattoo ink can contain pigments that are ferrous, and therefore magnetic. The strong magnetic fields involved in the MRI scanning procedure can interact with these small particles, which in turn can lead to an interaction with the tattooed skin.
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(28.133392333984): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 189
(29.087066650391): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 190
(43.869018554688): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE cat=10
AND id=294776860
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND published='1'
LIMIT 191
(30.994415283203): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294776860 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 192
(31.948089599609): SELECT id,name,title
FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND TYPE='file_folder' AND published=1
AND id != 294743300
AND id != 294743301
AND id != 294743302
AND id != 294743303
AND id != 294743304
AND id != 294743305
AND id != 294743306
AND id != 294743307
AND id != 294743308
AND id != 294743309
AND id != 294743310
AND metakey != 'aacc'
ORDER BY `ordering`93
(66.041946411133): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 194
(44.107437133789): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 195
(31.948089599609): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 196
(29.087066650391): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 197
(27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 198
(27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 199
(41.961669921875): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1100
(30.994415283203): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1101
(56.982040405273): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1102
(31.948089599609): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1103
(29.087066650391): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1104
(27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1105
(28.848648071289): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1106
(27.894973754883): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1107
(79.154968261719): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1108
(51.975250244141): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1109
(58.174133300781): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.cat=10
AND dp.id=294776860
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1110
(61.03515625): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets_archive as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.cat=10
AND dp.id=294776860
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1111
(72.956085205078): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1112
(45.061111450195): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1113
(47.922134399414): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.id=294776860
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1114
(535.96496582031): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets_archive as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.id=294776860
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1115
(587.94021606445): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex
ON ex.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2
ON dp2.id = dp.fid
WHERE dp.author != 0
AND dp.cat = 10
AND dp.published = 1
AND (
(dp.fid = 294743300)
OR (dp.fid = 294743301)
OR (dp.fid = 294743302)
OR (dp.fid = 294743303)
OR (dp.fid = 294743304)
OR (dp.fid = 294743305)
OR (dp.fid = 294743306)
OR (dp.fid = 294743307)
OR (dp.fid = 294743308)
OR (dp.fid = 294743309)
OR (dp.fid = 294743310)
)
ORDER BY RAND()
LIMIT 1116
(390.05279541016): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex
ON ex.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2
ON dp2.id = dp.fid
WHERE dp.author != 0
AND dp.cat = 10
AND dp.published = 1
AND (
(dp.fid = 294743300)
OR (dp.fid = 294743301)
OR (dp.fid = 294743302)
OR (dp.fid = 294743303)
OR (dp.fid = 294743304)
OR (dp.fid = 294743305)
OR (dp.fid = 294743306)
OR (dp.fid = 294743307)
OR (dp.fid = 294743308)
OR (dp.fid = 294743309)
OR (dp.fid = 294743310)
)
ORDER BY RAND()
LIMIT 1117
(93.221664428711): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1118
(51.975250244141): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1119
(46.968460083008): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1120
(38.862228393555): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1121
(42.915344238281): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1122
(35.04753112793): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1123
(87.02278137207): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1124
(42.915344238281): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1125
(313.04359436035): SELECT * FROM trending_articles WHERE `journal_id` = 10 AND `timestamp` <= NOW() + INTERVAL 7 DAY ORDER BY `order`126
(!!!!! 19876.003265381): SELECT
*
FROM
jos_deeppockets
WHERE
jos_deeppockets.cat = 10
AND
jos_deeppockets.type = 'deeppockets_item'
AND
jos_deeppockets.published = 1
AND
jos_deeppockets.created + INTERVAL 14 DAY >= NOW()
ORDER BY
jos_deeppockets.hits DESC
LIMIT
7127
(555.03845214844): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294776860 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294776860 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1128
(!!!!! 8126.974105835): (
SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.video != ''
AND
dp.video_source != ''
AND
dp.cat = 10
AND
dp.published = 1
AND
dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
UNION
(
SELECT
dpa.id,
dpa.name,
dpa.title,
dpa.video,
dpa.video_source,
dpa.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa
WHERE
dpa.video != ''
AND
dpa.video_source != ''
AND
dpa.cat = 10
AND
dpa.published = 1
AND
dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3129
(112.05673217773): (
SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.video != ''
AND
dp.video_source != ''
AND
dp.cat = 10
AND
dp.published = 1
AND
dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
UNION
(
SELECT
dpa.id,
dpa.name,
dpa.title,
dpa.video,
dpa.video_source,
dpa.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa
WHERE
dpa.video != ''
AND
dpa.video_source != ''
AND
dpa.cat = 10
AND
dpa.published = 1
AND
dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3130
(86.069107055664): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294803337
LIMIT 1131
(41.961669921875): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294803337
LIMIT 1132
(77.962875366211): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294803276
LIMIT 1133
(41.007995605469): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294803276
LIMIT 1134
(410.07995605469): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets_archive AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294803276
LIMIT 1135
(60.081481933594): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets_archive AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294803276
LIMIT 1136
(55.074691772461): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294802958
LIMIT 1137
(41.007995605469): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294802958
LIMIT 1138
(524.99771118164): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294776860
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND published='1'
LIMIT 1139
(435.82916259766): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets_archive
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294776860
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND published='1'
LIMIT 1140
(51.021575927734): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=212141
(33.140182495117): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=212142
(566.95938110352): SELECT *,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down
FROM jos_events
WHERE state=1
AND publish_up > NOW()
and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))212((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110)
ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3143
(564.0983581543): SELECT *,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down
FROM jos_events
WHERE state=1
AND publish_up > NOW()
and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))212((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110)
ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3144
(75.101852416992): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1145
(72.956085205078): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1146
(!!!!! 8664.8464202881): TRUNCATE TABLE jos_trademed_module147
(89.883804321289): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.cat=10
AND dp.id=294776860
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1148
(53.167343139648): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets_archive as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.cat=10
AND dp.id=294776860
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1149
(823.974609375): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294776860
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1150
(51.975250244141): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294776860
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1151
(48.87580871582): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1152
(41.961669921875): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1153
(!!!!! 1247.8828430176): SELECT jos_item.*
FROM jos_item INNER JOIN jos_number ON jos_item.numberID=jos_number.id
WHERE 1=1
AND (jos_item.imgMini<>'')
AND jos_item.type='L'
AND jos_item.numberID= (
SELECT jos_number.id
FROM jos_number
WHERE jos_number.journalID IN (10)
and jos_number.id in (select distinct jos_number.id from jos_number join jos_item on jos_item.numberid=jos_number.id where jos_item.type='P')
ORDER BY (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,1,2),SIGNED) + (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,3,2),SIGNED)*100)) DESC
LIMIT 0,1
)
ORDER BY RAND() DESC LIMIT 6154
(74.148178100586): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1155
(46.014785766602): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1156
(35.04753112793): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294776860 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294776860 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1157
(30.994415283203): select distinct links.*
from jos_textlinks links
join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id
where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=212 or channel_id is null)158
(29.802322387695): select distinct links.*
from jos_textlinks links
join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id
where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=212 or channel_id is null)159
(56.028366088867): SELECT livesite FROM jos_dp_categories WHERE id=10 AND published='1' LIMIT 1160
(72.002410888672): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1161
(47.206878662109): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294776860 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1162
(36.001205444336): select jos_twitters.link from jos_twitters where cat=10163
(31.948089599609): select jos_facebook.link from jos_facebook where cat=10164
(30.994415283203): select jos_google_plus.link from jos_google_plus where cat=10165
(30.994415283203): select jos_linkedin.link from jos_linkedin where cat=10