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New AI Method Captures Uncertainty in Medical Images
By MedImaging International staff writers Posted on 12 Apr 2024
Image: The Tyche machine-learning model could help capture crucial information. (Photo courtesy of 123RF)
In the field of biomedicine, segmentation is the process of annotating pixels from an important structure in medical images, such as organs or cells. Artificial Intelligence (AI) models are utilized to aid clinicians by highlighting pixels indicative of diseases or abnormalities. However, these AI models often provide a singular answer, despite the inherent ambiguity in medical image segmentation. For example, five different expert annotators might produce five varied segmentations of a lung nodule in a CT scan, each differing in the existence or extent of the borders of a nodule in a lung CT image. Recognizing these discrepancies and the inherent uncertainties can significantly influence clinical decision-making.
Now, researchers at MIT (Cambridge, MA, USA) have developed a new AI tool, named Tyche, which is designed to capture the uncertainty in a medical image. Tyche generates multiple plausible segmentations highlighting slightly different areas of a medical image. Users can set the number of output options Tyche provides and choose the most suitable one for their specific needs. One of the key advantages of Tyche is that it does not require retraining for each new segmentation task, making it more user-friendly for clinicians and biomedical researchers than some other AI methods. This tool can be used straight out of the box for various applications, ranging from detecting lesions in lung X-rays to identifying anomalies in brain MRIs, potentially enhancing diagnostic processes or supporting biomedical research by highlighting critical details that might be overlooked by other tools.
In tests using datasets of annotated medical images, Tyche demonstrated its ability to capture the diversity of human annotators effectively. Its best predictions were found to surpass those of baseline models, and it also operated faster. Tyche even outperformed more complex models trained with extensive, specialized datasets. Looking forward, the researchers intend to explore the use of more adaptable context sets, which could include textual descriptions or multiple image types. They are also interested in improving the accuracy of Tyche’s less accurate predictions and refining the system to better recommend the most reliable segmentation options.
“Ambiguity has been understudied. If your model completely misses a nodule that three experts say is there and two experts say is not, that is probably something you should pay attention to,” said senior author Adrian Dalca.
“If you want to take ambiguity into account, you often have to use an extremely complicated model. With the method we propose, our goal is to make it easy to use with a relatively small model so that it can make predictions quickly,” added Marianne Rakic, an MIT computer science Ph.D. candidate.
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OR (dp.fid = 294743303)
OR (dp.fid = 294743304)
OR (dp.fid = 294743305)
OR (dp.fid = 294743306)
OR (dp.fid = 294743307)
OR (dp.fid = 294743308)
OR (dp.fid = 294743309)
OR (dp.fid = 294743310)
)
ORDER BY RAND()
LIMIT 198
(75.101852416992): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 199
(61.03515625): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1100
(82.015991210938): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1101
(44.822692871094): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1102
(106.0962677002): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1103
(37.908554077148): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1104
(287.05596923828): SELECT * FROM trending_articles WHERE `journal_id` = 10 AND `timestamp` <= NOW() + INTERVAL 7 DAY ORDER BY `order`105
(!!!!! 21123.170852661): SELECT
*
FROM
jos_deeppockets
WHERE
jos_deeppockets.cat = 10
AND
jos_deeppockets.type = 'deeppockets_item'
AND
jos_deeppockets.published = 1
AND
jos_deeppockets.created + INTERVAL 14 DAY >= NOW()
ORDER BY
jos_deeppockets.hits DESC
LIMIT
7106
(104.90417480469): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1107
(46.968460083008): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1108
(477.07557678223): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294800868 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294800868 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1109
(!!!!! 412021.16012573): (
SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.video != ''
AND
dp.video_source != ''
AND
dp.cat = 10
AND
dp.published = 1
AND
dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
UNION
(
SELECT
dpa.id,
dpa.name,
dpa.title,
dpa.video,
dpa.video_source,
dpa.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa
WHERE
dpa.video != ''
AND
dpa.video_source != ''
AND
dpa.cat = 10
AND
dpa.published = 1
AND
dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3110
(71.048736572266): (
SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.video != ''
AND
dp.video_source != ''
AND
dp.cat = 10
AND
dp.published = 1
AND
dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
UNION
(
SELECT
dpa.id,
dpa.name,
dpa.title,
dpa.video,
dpa.video_source,
dpa.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa
WHERE
dpa.video != ''
AND
dpa.video_source != ''
AND
dpa.cat = 10
AND
dpa.published = 1
AND
dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link'
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3
)
ORDER BY
created DESC
LIMIT
3111
(415.80200195312): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800513
LIMIT 1112
(46.968460083008): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800513
LIMIT 1113
(276.08871459961): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800359
LIMIT 1114
(37.908554077148): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800359
LIMIT 1115
(224.11346435547): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800361
LIMIT 1116
(43.153762817383): SELECT
dp.id,
dp.name,
dp.title,
dp.video,
dp.video_source,
dp.created
FROM
jos_deeppockets AS dp
WHERE
dp.id = 294800361
LIMIT 1117
(411.9873046875): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294800868
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND published='1'
LIMIT 1118
(143.05114746094): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=215119
(63.896179199219): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=215120
(576.01928710938): SELECT *,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down
FROM jos_events
WHERE state=1
AND publish_up > NOW()
and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))215((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110)
ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3121
(489.95018005371): SELECT *,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up,
DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down
FROM jos_events
WHERE state=1
AND publish_up > NOW()
and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))215((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110)
ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3122
(91.075897216797): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1123
(65.088272094727): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1124
(!!!!! 8126.0204315186): TRUNCATE TABLE jos_trademed_module125
(119.92454528809): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp
LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp
ON exp.id = dp.author
LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch
ON dp.fid = ch.id
WHERE 1=1
AND dp.cat=10
AND dp.id=294800868
AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link')
AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1126
(813.00735473633): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294800868
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1127
(61.988830566406): SELECT *
FROM jos_deeppockets
WHERE 1=1
AND id=294800868
AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1128
(74.863433837891): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1129
(46.014785766602): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1130
(!!!!! 1063.8236999512): SELECT jos_item.*
FROM jos_item INNER JOIN jos_number ON jos_item.numberID=jos_number.id
WHERE 1=1
AND (jos_item.imgMini<>'')
AND jos_item.type='L'
AND jos_item.numberID= (
SELECT jos_number.id
FROM jos_number
WHERE jos_number.journalID IN (10)
and jos_number.id in (select distinct jos_number.id from jos_number join jos_item on jos_item.numberid=jos_number.id where jos_item.type='P')
ORDER BY (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,1,2),SIGNED) + (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,3,2),SIGNED)*100)) DESC
LIMIT 0,1
)
ORDER BY RAND() DESC LIMIT 6131
(101.08947753906): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1132
(70.095062255859): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1133
(46.968460083008): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294800868 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294800868 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1134
(406.02684020996): select distinct links.*
from jos_textlinks links
join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id
where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=215 or channel_id is null)135
(52.928924560547): select distinct links.*
from jos_textlinks links
join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id
where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=215 or channel_id is null)136
(36.954879760742): SELECT livesite FROM jos_dp_categories WHERE id=10 AND published='1' LIMIT 1137
(90.122222900391): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1138
(60.081481933594): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
union
SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800868 AND published='1'
LIMIT 1139
(165.22407531738): select jos_twitters.link from jos_twitters where cat=10140
(41.007995605469): select jos_facebook.link from jos_facebook where cat=10141
(53.167343139648): select jos_google_plus.link from jos_google_plus where cat=10142
(44.107437133789): select jos_linkedin.link from jos_linkedin where cat=10143
(439.16702270508): update jos_bannersmanager_banner
set impmade=impmade+1
where id in(14615,14202,14203)144
(!!!!! 1950.9792327881): insert into jos_banners_delta values (14615,'2025-05-09 17:06:32','18.217.17.116','view'),(14202,'2025-05-09 17:06:32','18.217.17.116','view'),(14203,'2025-05-09 17:06:32','18.217.17.116','view')
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